Root2Fork: Accelerating the agroecological transition with multi-strata agroforestry systems, from root to fork

Agroforestry systems (AFSs), which introduce trees into agricultural fields, have been argued to comprise one of the most advanced and effective forms of regenerative agriculture [1]. Despite this, practioners have identified the following needs: i) how to reduce labor costs while maximizing productivity, ii) what to plant beneath and between tree rows and (iii) how to reconcile ecological regulations with economic realities. To address this, our consortium plants shrubs and shade-tolerant herbaceous perennials - such as kale, spinach or rocket - within apple or quince orchards, to form multi-strata AFS (msAFS). In contrast to annuals, perennials live for many years and can be used as “permanent” strips in alley cropping, or as “permanent” ground cover within tree rows. Locally sourced food from sustainable lowinput systems faces significant challenges, as annual crops are highly vulnerable to pests and climate change-driven disruptions in supply chains. Perennials, with their deeper roots and longer growth periods, store carbon and regenerate soils while providing a more stable and reliable food source.